MP Journal of Medical Research
Presented at 44ème Réunion Interdisciplinaire de Chimiothérapie Anti-Infectieuse (RICAI), Paris, 16–17 December 2024 · All posters from this congress
Infectious DiseasesOpen accessPoster communication · 2026-0005

Prevalence of Gram-Negative Bacilli Bacteremia After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Pediatrics

English version of a poster presented in French.

N. Ben Nejma1✉, Y. Chebbi1,2, S. Frigui1,2, M. Ben Khaled2,3, M. Ouederni2,3, W. Achour1,2

  1. 1 Service des Laboratoires, Centre National de Greffe de Moelle Osseuse, Tunis, Tunisie
  2. 2 Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, LR 18ES39, Tunis, Tunisie
  3. 3 Service d’Immuno-Hématologie et de Greffe Pédiatrique, Centre National de Greffe de Moelle Osseuse, Tunis, Tunisie

Received 1 October 2026 · Accepted 1 October 2026 · Published 1 October 2026 · Corrected 9 November 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23166776

Article PDF · Original poster (PDF)

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Figure 1 : Bactéries incriminées dans les bactériémies chez les allogreffés en pédiatrie
Figure 1 : Bactéries incriminées dans les bactériémies chez les allogreffés en pédiatrieClick or press Esc to close

Key messages

  1. Les bactériémies sont fréquentes chez les enfants allogreffés de cellules souches hématopoïétiques en pédiatrie.
  2. Les bacilles Gram négatif dominent nettement parmi les germes responsables des bactériémies.
  3. Les entérobactéries présentent des taux élevés de résistance aux antibiotiques, nécessitant une surveillance attentive.

Abstract

Introduction

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an essential therapy for various pediatric hematologic diseases, but it is associated with a high risk of infectious complications. Bacteremias represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality in transplanted patients due to profound immunosuppression and disruption of mucosal barriers.

Materials and methods

This retrospective study included children who underwent allogeneic HSCT in the Pediatric Immuno-Hematology and Transplantation Department presenting at least one episode of bacteremia between January 2018 and May 2024. Blood culture bottles were incubated using the BACT/ALERT automated system (BioMérieux). For commensal species, bacteremia was defined by the presence of at least two positive blood cultures with the same organism.

Results

A total of 130 bacteremias were identified in 82 allogeneic HSCT recipients, with a prevalence of infected patients of 41.8%. Twenty-three patients had two or more bacteremic episodes. Central venous catheter-related bacteremias accounted for 16.9% of cases. The Gram-negative bacilli to Gram-positive cocci ratio was 2.51. The most frequently implicated organisms were Enterobacteriaceae. Antibiotic resistance rates were higher among Enterobacteriaceae than among non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli. Among 21 coagulase-negative staphylococci strains, 19 were methicillin-resistant, seven were resistant to gentamicin, and four to ciprofloxacin. All eleven Staphylococcus aureus strains were methicillin-sensitive except one. No staphylococcal strain was resistant to glycopeptides.

Conclusion

The prevalence of bacteremia in pediatric allogeneic HSCT recipients is high, with a clear predominance of Gram-negative bacilli.

Original poster

Keywords
bacteremia · allogeneic transplantation · hematopoietic stem cells · pediatrics · Gram-negative bacilli · antibiotic resistance
Received
1 October 2026
Accepted
1 October 2026
Published
1 October 2026
Peer review
Single-anonymized review by the Editorial Board · How we review
Version history
  • 1 October 2026 — first published
  • 5 October 2026 — corrected: English version, abstract, article type, authors, award, congress details, figure caption, key messages, keywords, language, license, record, references, related publication, specialty, title, video
  • 9 November 2026 — corrected: English version, abstract, article type, authors, award, congress details, figure caption, key messages, keywords, language, license, record, references, related publication, specialty, title, video
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23166776
License
© The Authors 2026. Distributed under CC BY 4.0
Journal
MP Journal of Medical Research · ISSN 3144-8402

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